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Looking back, Lewis explains, when the universe was only a billion years old, we see time moving five times slower. If you were there when the universe was in infancy, one second would seem like one second, but from our current perspective (after 12 billion years) the initial time is slower.
Although this issue cannot be clearly observed in everyday life, space and time in the universe are undeniably connected. This is why we can see the universe expanding. The light from distant objects is stretched by the expansion of the universe and moves to the redder side of the spectrum. This phenomenon is called the Doppler effect and it can be experienced on the ground as well.
For example, think of the sound of an ambulance siren, which becomes stretched as the ambulance moves away. In this analogy, the ambulance can be a distant galaxy and its light is a siren. At the source, the sound propagation is normal, but from our perspective it looks stretched.
A phenomenon similar to the ambulance can occur for time. For example, this phenomenon can be observed in the supernova explosions of the visible universe. Time passes normally for us, and for a person who is close to a supernova explosion, the passage of time is also normal; But due to the relative speed between the two points, the supernova appears to us as slow motion.
According to predictions, quasars of the early universe should also show a similar phenomenon, but these objects are different from supernovae. Quasar galaxies usually have a feeding and active supermassive black hole at their center. This feeding process produces a large amount of light by increasing the heat of the material around the black hole.
According to Lewis, a supernova acts like a flash of light and is easier to observe. While quasars are more complex phenomena like continuous firework display. What the researchers did was to examine this fireworks display. They proved that quasars could be used as standard indicators of time in the early universe.
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